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P.171 right column 2nd paragraph: "MSCs represent between 0.01% and 0.001% of all nucleated cells in adult human bone marrow, but can be readily expanded in culture (primary source). Unlike endothelial progenitors, which for the most part are lineage restricted, MSCs readily form bone, fat, cartilage, and possibly myocytes in vitro (ref 27). In addition, a growing body of literature suggests that MSCs may be able to evade immune detection due in part to the direct inhibition of inflammation as well as a lack of cell-surface costimulatory molecules (ref 28). These immunomodulatory properties combined with the ability to rapidly expand MSCs in culture raise the possibility of developing an off-the-shelf product for myocardial revascularization." |