| Primary Source |
Otawa K, Lee SH, Yamazoe A, Onuki M, Satoh H, Mino T. 2007. Abundance, diversity, and dynamics of viruses on microorganisms in activated sludge processes. Microb Ecol 53(1): 143–152.PubMed ID17165120
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| Comments |
p.287 left column 2nd paragraph: "Phages are abundant in water bodies (Madigan et al., 2009), especially in wastewater. The concentrations of phages in the activated sludge system range from 4.0 × 10^7 to 3.0 × 10^9 PFU/mL (primary source). The numbers of specific phages such as coliphages in wastewater influent are between 1,000 and 10,000 PFU/mL (Yasunori et al., 2002). Since phages isolated from wastewater have broad host ranges with adequate host specificity and infectivity (Hantula et al., 1991 Jensen et al., 1998 Khan et al., 2002), [investigators] evaluated the efficiency of bacteriophages isolated from wastewater in P. aeruginosa biofilm control and removal. Furthermore, because chlorination is still the most widely used disinfection process, [they] determined the effectiveness of a combination of phages and chlorine in biofilm control and removal. P. aeruginosa was selected as a model bacterial host, which is commonly found in chlorinated potable water (Anaissie et al., 2002) and can excrete exopolysaccharides to form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics and antiseptics (Drenkard and Ausubel, 2002 Dunne, 2002 Mah et al., 2003 Whiteley et al., 2001)." PFU=plaque-forming unit |