Diffusion coefficient of GFP

Range in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells 24–27μm^2/s: in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells 3–14μm^2/s μm^2/s
Organism Various
Reference Mika JT, Schavemaker PE, Krasnikov V, Poolman B. Impact of osmotic stress on protein diffusion in Lactococcus lactis. Mol Microbiol. 2014 Nov94(4):857-70. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12800. p.857 right column top paragraphPubMed ID25244659
Primary Source Swaminathan, R., Hoang, C., and Verkman, A. (1997) Photobleaching recovery and anisotropy decay of green fluorescent protein GFP-S65T in solution and cells: cytoplasmic viscosity probed by green fluorescent protein translational and rotational diffusion. Biophys J 72: 1900–1907. AND Potma, E., de Boeij, W., Bosgraaf, L., Roelofs, J., van Haastert, P., and Wiersma, D. (2001) Reduced protein diffusion rate by cytoskeleton in vegetative and polarized Dictyostelium cells. Biophys J 81: 2010–2019. AND Konopka, M.C., Sochacki, K.A., Bratton, B.P., Shkel, I.A., Record, M.T., and Weisshaar, J.C. (2009) Cytoplasmic protein mobility in osmotically stressed Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 191: 231–237. doi: 10.1128/JB.00536-08. AND Mika, J.T., and Poolman, B. (2011a) Macromolecule diffusion and confinement in prokaryotic cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22: 117–126. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.09.009.PubMed ID9083693, 11566774, 18952804, 20952181
Comments P.857 right column top paragraph:"The cellular milieu is far different from idealized test tube conditions (Ellis, 2001 Gierasch and Gershenson, 2009), with much higher macromolecule concentrations, more interaction partners, a spatially heterogenous and often a compartmentalized nature. One of the major differences between in vivo and in vitro conditions is the crowdedness (and associated molecular complexity) of the cytoplasm and biological membranes (Gershenson and Gierasch, 2011). Protein diffusion in this environment is significantly slower than in dilute solutions or idealized in vitro systems. For example the diffusion of GFP in water, with a diffusion coefficient (D) of ∼ 90 μm^2 s^−1 (BNID 100301), is faster than in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (D = 24–27 μm^2 s^−1) (primary sources Swaminathan et al., 1997 Potma et al., 2001) or prokaryotic cells (D = 3–14 μm^2 s^−1) (primary sources Konopka et al., 2009 Mika and Poolman, 2011a). This difference is often rationalized by the elevated macromolecule crowding of living cells with values reaching on average 200–300 g l^−1 of macromolecules in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli (BNID 112267)."
Entered by Uri M
ID 112266